Strong tribocatalysis of strontium titanate nanofibers through harvesting friction energy for dye decomposition

Friction is a common clean energy and can be harvested and converted into electricity energy via triboelectricity, which can electrochemically drive dye decomposition in theory. In this work, the tribocatalytic Rhodamine B dye decomposition has been experimentally realized in strontium titanate (SrTiO₃) nanofibers, which are synthesized via a hydrothermal method. In the tribocatalytic dye decomposition process, the friction is exerted in the interface between catalyst surface and a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Teflon rod setup with the different stirring speed. The RhB dye decomposition ratios of SrTiO₃ nanofibers at these stirring speeds of 200 rpm, 400 rpm, 600 rpm, and 800 rpm are respectively 24.2%, 51.8%, 73.9% and 88.6%, yielding to these reaction rate constants of ～0.0112 h^?1, ～0.0260 h^?1, ～0.0562 h^?1 and ～0.0877 h^?1. The main active species, which play an important role in tribocatalytic process, are the superoxide radicals and holes on basis of the active species quenching experiment results. The excellent tribocatalysis activity makes SrTiO₃ nanofibers potential for application in dye wastewater treatment through utilizing the environmental friction energy.     

海洋非成岩天然气水合物原位快速制备实验及评价

我国的海洋天然气水合物（以下简称水合物）资源主要分布在沿海大陆架水深介于300～3 000 m的深水区，具有弱胶结、非成岩的特征，为了测试和研究该类型水合物必须原位、大量、快速制备样品，而目前常用的搅拌法、喷淋法、鼓泡法等制备技术却存在着生成速度慢、储气密度低等问题。为此，自主设计、研制了1 062 L非成岩水合物快速制备釜，针对我国南海非成岩水合物的物性特征，开展了搅拌法、鼓泡法、喷淋法单一制备方法及“三合一”法（上述3种方法相结合）水合物制备实验，测试了实验过程中温度、压力、电阻率及反应时间等数据，分析比较了几种不同制备方法的水合物生成情况与制备效率。实验结果表明：①搅拌法、鼓泡法、喷淋法制备水合物过程中，生成的水合物均缓慢增加并逐渐铺满整个液面；②搅拌法制备过程中可以观测到明显的诱导期，而喷淋法、鼓泡法及“三合一”法却无明显的诱导期；③单一制备方法及“三合一”法制备水合物过程中，电阻率均随反应时间的增加而增加，其变化趋势亦与水合物制备速率基本一致；④“三合一”法的制备周期明显短于单一制备方法（搅拌法、喷淋法、鼓泡法单一方法的制备时间分别约为“三合一”法的5.14倍、3.59倍、3.16倍）。结论认为，所研制的1 062 L水合物快速制备釜能够实现海洋非成岩水合物样品的原位、快速制备；较之于单一制备方法，“三合一”法大大提高了水合物的制备效率。     

Development of a fast atom beam gun for surface-activated bonding

Surface-activated bonding (SAB), also called room-temperature bonding, is used in three-dimensional integration technology for semiconductor devices. An Ar fast atom beam (FAB) is used for SAB. However, conventional FAB guns must be replaced after hundreds of minutes of irradiation because carbon abrasion powders are generated by Ar ions sputtering in the gun. Therefore, this study develops a novel FAB gun with improved lifetime. The proposed FAB gun applies magnetic fields to guide Ar ions to reduce sputtering in the gun and improve irradiation efficiency. The proposed FAB gun indicates the possibility of improving gun lifetime.     

新疆阿克塔斯金矿含金石英脉40Ar/39Ar年代学及其地质意义

新疆富蕴县阿克塔斯金矿位于额尔齐斯断裂带的东南部。文章通过对含金石英脉的40Ar/39Ar同位素测年获得等时线年龄为(240.38±4.89)Ma,反等时限线年龄为(240.51±4.80)Ma,限定金矿的成矿时间为240Ma±,属于早三叠世。区域资料表明,额尔齐斯断裂带经历270~310Ma和240~260Ma两幕剪切变形,阿克塔斯金矿成矿受韧—脆性剪切作用控制,对应260~240Ma剪切变形事件。     

基于电热场平衡锂电解强化研究

利用有限元法建立了三维锂电解槽电热场仿真模型,考察了电解槽结构参数对电热场的影响。结果表明,缩短阴阳极间距(ACD),增加阳极半径(Ar)、阴极厚度(Ct)及阴极高度(Ch)均可以在保持能量平衡的前提下提高电解槽的电流强度。对上述参数进行无量纲化研究,得到了方程:CI=30000×(ACD/40)~(-0.24519)×(Ar/150)~(0.79291)×(Ct/225)~(0.09835)×(Ch/700)~(0.37953),对于电解槽的放大设计,可以根据上述方程,不对电解槽进行复杂的建模计算,进而节省资源,提高效率。     

氩/氢等离子射流特性研究

为了研究等离子体射流场的特性,通过测量等离子体发生器的工作参数,并根据能量守恒原理,计算出等离子体发生器出口射流的平均焓值、平均温度及其分布;由于等离子体发生器出口处射流温度高达104K以上,其特性参数的直接测量非常困难;试验中分别改变等离子系统的电流大小、主气和次气流量,观察等离子射流的参数变化,并对碳/碳复合材料进行烧蚀实验;结果表明:在等离子体发生器的出口处,射流温度呈抛物线分布;随着电弧电流的增大,等离子体发生器射流的焓值、温度和速度都显著提高;增加主气气体流量,射流焓值与温度呈下降趋势,而增加氢气流量时,射流焓值与温度将会得到显著提高。随着温度和焓值的升高,碳/碳复合材料的烧蚀率增大,烧蚀形貌有很大的变化。     

110t钢包滑板及其机构的改进与优化

通过优化滑板材质、调整滑板体积、优化滑板形状、改进钢包滑动机构等措施对原滑板进行了改进,改进后的滑板连滑率达到了100%,使用寿命达到了4次,基本上满足了生产要求。     

三靶共溅射纳米复合Cr-Al-Si-N涂层的 制备及摩擦学性能研究

目的 利用高功率脉冲磁控溅射技术离化率高、溅射离子能量高等优点,在Cr-Al-N涂层中添加Si元素研制a-Si3N4包裹nc-(Cr,Al)N的纳米复合涂层,通过改变反应沉积时的N2/Ar比来调控涂层成分与结构,实现纳米复合Cr-Al-Si-N涂层性能优化。方法 采用高功率脉冲与脉冲直流复合磁控溅射技术制备Cr-Al-Si-N涂层。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、能谱仪、应力仪、纳米压痕仪、划痕测试仪和摩擦试验机,研究N2/Ar比对涂层成分、结构、力学性能以及摩擦学行为的影响。结果 涂层主要由面心立方结构的CrN与AlN相组成,且沿(200)晶面择优生长。当N2/Ar流量比为3∶1时,涂层与基体结合最好,临界载荷约为36.5 N;摩擦系数和内应力较低,分别为0.5和-0.48 GPa。当N2/Ar流量比为4∶1时,H/E值和H3/E*2值升至最高,分别为0.11和0.24 GPa,磨损率最低,约为1.9×10-4 μm3/(N?μm)。结论 当N2/Ar流量比为4∶1时,三靶共溅射制备的Cr-Al-Si-N涂层硬度较高,耐磨性能最好。     

Water management for sustainable steel industry

Abstract

The Worldsteel Water Management Project was initiated in June 2007 with the aim to prepare steel plants for future public and political pressures relating to water. Following several meetings and a presurvey, a water management survey was launched in July 2009. Data were received from 29 steel plants, representing 8% or approximately 111 million tonnes of the world’s total steel output in 2008. Results show that water consumption (consumption within this article refers to: intake water, when a complete steelworks is in question and to actual water needed by the process or facility (intake+reuse water) when talking at process level) at the steel plants varies from under 1–150 cubic metres per tonne of steel (m³ ts^?1) produced. The volume and quality of consumed and discharged water relate to steel plant configuration, geographical location and local legislation. Nearly 82% of all the water is used for once-through cooling. The data collected on for example, waste water treatment technologies and discharge quality are available in a digital database that can be used for, as an example, optimising water management within processes. This paper is based largely on the Worldsteel report ‘Water Management in Steel Industry 2011’ and outlines finding of the Water Management Working Group.